DNA cut and patch repair - vertaling naar russisch
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DNA cut and patch repair - vertaling naar russisch

PROCESS OF RESTORING DNA AFTER DAMAGE
Dna repair; DNA Repair; DNA damage; DNA repair genes; Excision repair; Excision repair mechanism; Dna repair enzymes; Dna repair-deficiency disorders; Dna repair genes; Double-strand breaks; Double-strand break; Types of DNA lesions; Double strand breaks; Translesion synthesis; DNA damage checkpoint; Double strand break; Self-repair mechanisms; DNA repair gene; Single strand break; Single-strand break; DNA damage checkpoints; DNA lesions; DNA lesion; Translesion; Translation polymerase; DNA-damage response; DNA repair-deficiency disorders; Translesion DNA synthesis; Double-stranded break; Single-stranded break; DNA damage repair
  • DNA ligase, shown above repairing chromosomal damage, is an enzyme that joins broken nucleotides together by catalyzing the formation of an internucleotide [[ester]] bond between the phosphate backbone and the deoxyribose nucleotides.
  • A chart of common DNA damaging agents, examples of lesions they cause in DNA, and pathways used to repair these lesions. Also shown are many of the genes in these pathways, an indication of which genes are epigenetically regulated to have reduced (or increased) expression in various cancers. It also shows genes in the error-prone microhomology-mediated end joining pathway with increased expression in various cancers.
  • Most life span influencing genes affect the rate of DNA damage.
  • DNA repair rate is an important determinant of cell pathology.
  • The main double-strand break repair pathways
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  • Paul Modrich talks about himself and his work in DNA repair.
  • Structure of the base-excision repair enzyme [[uracil-DNA glycosylase]] excising a hydrolytically-produced uracil residue from DNA. The uracil residue is shown in yellow.

DNA cut and patch repair      

общая лексика

ДНК-репарация за счёт иссечения и заполнения брешей

excision repair         
эксцизионная репарация, восстановление путём удаления повреждённого участка (молекулы ДНК)
single-strand break         

общая лексика

однонитевой разрыв (ДНК)

Definitie

храбрая
ж.
Женск. к сущ.: храбрый (1*).

Wikipedia

DNA repair

DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in tens of thousands of individual molecular lesions per cell per day. Many of these lesions cause structural damage to the DNA molecule and can alter or eliminate the cell's ability to transcribe the gene that the affected DNA encodes. Other lesions induce potentially harmful mutations in the cell's genome, which affect the survival of its daughter cells after it undergoes mitosis. As a consequence, the DNA repair process is constantly active as it responds to damage in the DNA structure. When normal repair processes fail, and when cellular apoptosis does not occur, irreparable DNA damage may occur, including double-strand breaks and DNA crosslinkages (interstrand crosslinks or ICLs). This can eventually lead to malignant tumors, or cancer as per the two hit hypothesis.

The rate of DNA repair is dependent on many factors, including the cell type, the age of the cell, and the extracellular environment. A cell that has accumulated a large amount of DNA damage, or one that no longer effectively repairs damage incurred to its DNA, can enter one of three possible states:

  1. an irreversible state of dormancy, known as senescence
  2. cell suicide, also known as apoptosis or programmed cell death
  3. unregulated cell division, which can lead to the formation of a tumor that is cancerous

The DNA repair ability of a cell is vital to the integrity of its genome and thus to the normal functionality of that organism. Many genes that were initially shown to influence life span have turned out to be involved in DNA damage repair and protection.

The 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich, and Aziz Sancar for their work on the molecular mechanisms of DNA repair processes.

Vertaling van &#39DNA cut and patch repair&#39 naar Russisch